Understanding Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

 

What is Pelvic Girdle Pain?

Pelvic girdle pain, or PGP, is pain resulting from a group of joints, namely the sacroiliac joints (joints connecting the spine to the pelvis), the symphysis pubis (the joint between the left and right pubic bones), the joint at the front of the pelvis, and the soft tissue surrounding these structures. While it can occur at any time in pregnancy, the majority of PGP develops in the second and third trimesters as preparation for childbirth occurs within the body. The weight of the baby and hormonal changes cause stress on these susceptible joints, and therefore, many women often complain of pain.
 

Symptoms of Pelvic Girdle Pain

Nevertheless, the PGP symptoms can be very minor to extreme, and it mostly depends on where or how intense it can become. Listed below are the symptoms to look out for:

• Pain in the pubic area, lower back, hips, groin, or thighs

• The feeling of clicks or grinds in the pelvis

• Increasing pain with daily activity, particularly while walking, climbing the stairs, standing on one leg, and even turning in bed.

• Poor mobility with an inability to do daily activities

Diagnosis of Pelvic Girdle Pain

Diagnosis of PGP usually constitutes a series of tests that a specialist performs in a clinical setting, intended to find what may be causing the pain. The most crucial diagnostic steps include:

• Medical History: A good history of the pain-onset history, location, and history of aggravating or relieving factors may be necessary in deciding if PGP is the aetiology.

• Physical Examination: A clinician may use the postures, gait, and specific activities to observe which pain areas exist and how PGP might affect movement.

• Special Tests: Various tests, such as the Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) or palpation of the pelvic joints, can be used to diagnose it.

Management of Pelvic Girdle Pain

PGP management aims to relieve pain, improve movement, and enhance quality of life. While there is no single solution, combining various strategies can help manage PGP effectively. Here are some options:

• Pain Relief: Pain management during pregnancy can be tricky, as many medications are not recommended. However, your healthcare provider may prescribe certain pain medications that are generally considered safe for short-term pain relief. 

• Activity Modification: Small changes in how you move can make a big difference:

• Posture Adjustments: Maintain good posture to reduce strain on the pelvic joints.

• Movement Techniques: Avoid actions that worsen pain, like standing on one leg, and instead try to keep your legs together when rolling in bed or getting out of a car.

• Rest: Incorporate rest periods throughout the day and avoid prolonged standing or strenuous activities.

When to Seek Medical Attention?

While PGP is common and usually manageable, certain symptoms signal that you may need further medical attention:

• Severe, disabling pain: If pain becomes intense and interferes with daily life, a healthcare provider can offer additional support and recommend specialised treatment.

• New or worsening symptoms: If symptoms appear, such as numbness, tingling, or weakness, consult a healthcare professional.

• Ineffective conservative management: If the pain doesn’t respond to basic management strategies, seek professional help for more targeted therapies.

Conclusion

Pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy is common and manageable and can affect comfort and mobility. Understanding PGP’s causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help expectant mothers find relief and enjoy a more comfortable pregnancy. If you’re experiencing PGP, don’t hesitate to contact your gynaecologist. They’ll help you create a personalised management plan to help you maintain your well-being throughout this incredible journey.