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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is a group of eye diseases that is often associated with increased pressure inside the eye, damaging the optic nerve. It is a progressive disease that may not present with early symptoms. Blindness from glaucoma can be prevented if it is recognised and treated early. At Manipal Hospitals, specialists create personalised treatment plans to help prevent further vision loss.

4.3
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is a group of eye diseases that is often associated with increased pressure inside the eye, damaging the optic nerve. It is a progressive disease that may not present with early symptoms. Blindness from glaucoma can be prevented if it is recognised and treated early. At Manipal Hospitals, specialists create personalised treatment plans to help prevent further vision loss.
Glaucoma symptoms vary by type. Early stages often have no symptoms. As the condition progresses, individuals may experience blurred vision, gradual peripheral vision loss, headaches, eye pain, and halos around lights. In acute cases, sudden vision changes may occur.
A glaucoma diagnosis involves a series of eye examinations that help detect the disease before symptoms appear. These tests include tonometry, visual acuity and field testing, pachymetry, slit lamp examination, and gonioscopy to support diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography and, in selected cases, ultrasound may be performed to assess optic nerve health and structural damage. This helps guide treatment decisions.
Glaucoma treatment focuses on lowering intraocular pressure and delaying disease progression. Depending on the type and severity, patients may be treated with pressure-lowering medications, laser treatment, or surgery. Surgical options include trabeculectomy, tube shunts, or minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.
Glaucoma treatment depends on early diagnosis, the type of glaucoma, and adherence to long-term therapy. Although vision already affected by glaucoma cannot be restored, early detection and appropriate treatment can effectively control the condition. At Manipal Hospitals, the journey of glaucoma care begins with a detailed eye evaluation. It includes assessment of the optic nerve, measurement of intraocular pressure, and visual field testing to determine the severity of the disease.
Based on the findings, an experienced team of ophthalmologists provides a personalised treatment plan for each patient. This starts with pressure-lowering eye drops and, in some cases, can advance to surgical procedures or laser therapy if needed. A key part of care is regular follow-up visits. This allows monitoring of eye pressure, adjustment of treatment if necessary, and evaluation of optic nerve health. With the doctor’s guidance, people can continue their daily activities with minimal disruption. Ongoing monitoring and personalised treatment help control eye pressure and protect vision over the long term.
Type 2 diabetes causes include insulin resistance, obesity, physical inactivity, genetic predisposition, ageing, and unhealthy dietary habits. Certain hormonal disorders and long-term stress may also increase the risk of developing the condition.
Early type 2 diabetes symptoms may include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing. Since symptoms can develop gradually, regular screening is important for early detection and timely treatment.
In some individuals, especially in early stages, significant weight loss, healthy diet, and regular exercise may help achieve normal blood sugar levels. However, long-term monitoring remains essential to maintain control.
Insulin is not required for all patients. It may be recommended when blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled with oral medications or during certain medical conditions. Treatment decisions are based on individual health status and disease progression.
Type 2 diabetes diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests such as fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, or oral glucose tolerance tests. Persistent elevation in blood glucose levels indicates the presence of diabetes and requires medical management.
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