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Congenital heart defects

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Congenital heart defects

Congenital heart defects are structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth that affect normal blood circulation. They may involve holes ...
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Congenital heart defects: Symptom, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Congenital heart defects are structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth that affect normal blood circulation. They may involve holes in the heart, valve malformations, or abnormal blood vessels. These defects result from improper foetal heart development, influenced by genetic or environmental factors. The condition can range from mild to severe, sometimes affecting oxygen supply and overall health. Specialists at Manipal Hospitals provide comprehensive evaluation and appropriate care to support effective management.

Symptoms of Congenital heart defects

Congenital heart defect symptoms may include bluish skin, rapid breathing, fatigue, poor circulation, or an abnormal heart sound. Signs can vary depending on the type, severity, and number of heart abnormalities.

How We Diagnose Congenital heart defects

Congenital heart defects are diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and specialised tests. These may include echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, chest X-rays, heart catheterisation, and MRI scans. Early detection helps identify structural abnormalities, assess severity, and guide treatment plans to manage the condition effectively. In some cases, defects may also be detected before birth using specialised foetal imaging.

Treatment Options

Congenital heart defect treatment options aim to correct or manage structural abnormalities and improve blood flow. They include medications, catheter procedures, surgical repair, and, in severe cases, heart transplantation. Treatment plans are tailored to the type, severity, and individual needs of the patient.

What to Expect

Patients visiting Manipal Hospitals for congenital heart defects receive structured management tailored to their condition. The process begins with a detailed clinical assessment and review of medical history. Specialists discuss symptoms, lifestyle factors, and prior findings, followed by planning appropriate investigations and ongoing care.

Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment is planned based on the type and severity of the defect. Mild cases may only require regular monitoring and supportive care. Medications may help manage symptoms, while catheter-based procedures can address certain structural defects and improve blood flow. In more complex cases, surgical correction may be required, especially when symptoms are severe or complications develop.

Patients are guided on long-term care, lifestyle adjustments, and recognising warning signs of complications. Regular follow-up visits help monitor heart function and overall health. Care plans are adjusted as needed to support stability, improve quality of life, and maintain optimal cardiac function.

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